characteristics of educational technology

Electronic data processing Main article:  Data storage device  ... Electronic data processing.. Early electronic computers such as  Colossus  made use of  punched tape , a long strip of paper on which data was represented by a series of holes, a technology now obsolete. [14]  Electronic data storage, which is used in modern computers, dates from World War II, when a form of  delay line memory  was developed to remove the clutter from  radar  signals, the first practical application of which was the mercury delay line. [15]  The first  random-access  digital storage device was the  Williams tube , based on a standard  cathode ray tube , [16]  but the information stored in it and delay line memory was volatile in that it had to be continuously refreshed, and thus was lost once power was removed. The earliest form of non-volatile computer storage was the  magnetic drum , invented in 1932 [17]  and used in the  Ferranti Mark 1 , the world's first commercially available general-purpose

History of computer technology.. Main article:  History of computing hardware History of computer technology.. Devices  have been used to aid computation for thousands of years, probably initially in the form of a  tally stick . [7]  The  Antikythera mechanism , dating from about the beginning of the first century BC, is generally considered to be the earliest known mechanical  analog computer , and the earliest known geared mechanism. [8]  Comparable geared devices did not emerge in Europe until the 16th century, and it was not until 1645 that the first  mechanical calculator  capable of performing the four basic arithmetical operations was developed. [9] History of computer technology.. Electronic computers , using either  relays  or  valves , began to appear in the early 1940s. The  electromechanical   Zuse Z3 , completed in 1941, was the world's first  programmable  computer, and by modern standards one of the first machines that could be considered a complete  computing  machi

Use and Significance of Educational Technology (in the Indian context).. Use and Significance of Educational Technology (in the Indian context).. In India, before the 1960’s the term educational technology was almost unknown to the educational system. It was used as synonym to audio-visual teaching aids. The role of educational technologist in India, today, is not merely that of an audio-visual aid master, hardware expert, media expert or programmed text writer, but of one who is concerned with the information of an overall design to carry out an evaluation of the total process of education in terms of specific objectives. Educational technology, as we find it today, has a meaningful present and promising future in our country. Some of the significant development in this direction may be summarized as follows: There has been a wider and more effective utilization of radio for broadcasting educational programmes throughout the country. These well planned programmes are now broadcast thr

References and Suggested Readings about.. References and Suggested Readings about.. Branch, Robert C., Instructional design as a Response on the complexities of Instruction, in N.           Verkataiah (Ed.), Educational technology, APH Publishing corporation, New Delhi: 1996 Briggs, Lesile, J., et. al, Hand Book of procedures for the design of Instruction, 2 nd  ed., Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Educational technology Publication, 1981 Davies, I.K., The Management of Learning, New York: McGrow-hill, 1971 Dick, W., et al., The Systematic Design of Instruction, 3 rd  ed., New York: Harper Collin, 1990 Kurkarnis, S.S., Teaching Learning Process: A systematic Analysis, in C.K. Basu (Ed.), Program Instruction in Industries, Defence, health and Education, Indian Association for Programmed Instruction, 1969. Leith, G.O. et al., A Hand Book of Programmed Learning, University of Birmingram, 1996. Lumbsdaine, A.A., Educational Technology, Programmed Learning and Instructional Science in E.R. Hilgard